Novel silicon-contained lignin-based carbon fibers derived from bamboo pulping black liquor with improved electrochemical performance for supercapacitors

Carbon fibers (CFs) are a promising candidate as electrode materials for flexible supercapacitors given its light weight and moderate cost. In this study, the lignin used was partially separated from kraft bamboo pulping black liquor and the higher molecular weight fraction, unavoidably contains a small amount of silicon compounds, so named silicon-contained lignin. Novel CFs were prepared using commercial polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and the lignin by electrospinning and further carbonization. Even in the presence of silicon compounds, the fibrous morphology of precursor fibers was significantly good, and the CFs with uniform fiber diameter and high specific surface area up to 182 m²/g were obtained with an increase in silicon-contained lignin. The CFs fabricated from silicon-contained lignin and commercial PAN had higher specific capacitance (22.20 mF/cm² at 10 mA/cm²) and superb cycling stability (94.21%) than that from silicon-free lignin or pure PAN separately.     

Preparation and Properties of Nano-cellulose/Sodium Alginate Composite Hydrogel

Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was isolated from Okara using deep eutectic solvent (DES) with high-speed stirring. The composite hydrogels obtained by using different proportions of CNF and sodium alginate (SA) had different properties. The CNF/SA composite hydrogels were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy and tested for compression properties, rheological properties, water content, and swelling degree. Physical crosslinking between SA and Ca²⁺, and different degrees of hydrogen bond formation between SA and CNF were observed. The CNF/SA composite hydrogel have great potential as reinforcements in eco-friendly composite hydrogels for diverse applications.     

Transparent Photochromic Wood Composites Incorporating AgBr Nanoparticles for UV-shielding Applications

Transparent wood (TW) is a wood-based biomaterial with several advantages, such as high optical transmittance, low thermal conductivity, and tunable haze. TW is functionalized according to its transparency to broaden its applications in different fields. Several studies have examined wood functionalization in recent years; however, few studies have reported photochromic TW (PTW) for ultraviolet (UV) -shielding window applications. Herein, PTW was obtained by infiltrating the delignified wood template with photochromic silver bromide (AgBr) nanoparticles and a pre-polymerized methyl methacrylate (MMA) mixture solution. The obtained PTW can adjust the luminous flux on change in the color in the visible light region. The photochromic properties were examined, and the optical properties of the composites were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Light transmittance of PTW was up to 86.5% at 800 nm before UV irradiation, and it decreased to 70.1% at 800 nm after UV irradiation, as the wood color changed from colorless to dark purple under UV irradiation. Thus, this work not only achieves high-value utilization of wood, but also produces a new material that can be used in varied fields, such as UV-shielding, energy saving, and smart building.     

CuFe2O4/纳米纤维素磁性复合材料的制备及催化性能

采用简单易行的一锅溶剂热法原位合成CuFe₂O₄/纳米纤维素（CuFe₂O₄/CNC）磁性复合材料,并研究CuFe₂O₄/CMC磁性复合材料催化剂在NaBH₄作用下催化还原4-硝基酚（4-NP）性能。结果表明:所制备的CuFe₂O₄/CNC磁性复合材料为单一尖晶石结构,具有超顺磁性,纳米颗粒尺寸约为10 nm,其饱和磁化强度为33.15 emu·g-1。与CuFe₂O₄纳米颗粒相比,CuFe₂O₄/CNC磁性复合材料的比表面积提高到89.9 m2·g-1（CuFe₂O₄纳米颗粒的比表面积为53.9 m2·g-1）。CNC有助于改善CuFe₂O₄的单分散性,且对4-NP的吸附作用能加快反应的传质速率。将CuFe₂O₄/CNC磁性复合材料用于催化还原4-NP,反应符合一级动力学特征;当CNC的添加量为0.2 g时,可以将4-NP（100 μL,0.005 mol·L-1）溶液在25 s催化还原完全,表现出优异的反应活性。催化剂循环使用5次后,对4-NP的转化率仍能保持90%以上。      

新型含硼聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂处理造纸废水的研究

利用硅酸钠、硫酸铝、硫酸铁和四硼酸钠制备一种新型无机高分子絮凝剂含硼聚硅酸铝铁（PSAFB）,并利用单因素分析法确定了最佳制备条件：硅酸钠量浓度为0.4 mol/L、n（Fe）∶n（Si）=0.5、n（Al）∶n（Si）=1.5和n（B）∶n（Si）=0.7.采用最佳条件下制备的絮凝剂处理造纸废水,得到最佳废水处理工艺条件：絮凝剂PSAFB投加量200 mg/L,反应温度40℃和反应时间20 min.同时利用红外光谱分析,对絮凝剂机理进行探讨,实验结果表明：Si、B、Al3＋、Fe3＋及其它们的水解产物间发生了相互作用.     

基于回归算法的印刷品最佳实地密度研究

目的从相对反差最大时密度最佳的角度出发,结合网点扩大,构建基于回归算法的数学模型,确定最佳的实地密度,从而提高印刷品的质量。方法获取过版样张,根据测量的实地密度、相对反差和网点扩大值作出三维坐标图,并基于回归算法建立相对反差K、网点扩大与实地密度函数关系的数学模型;利用该模型找到相对反差最大时,网点扩大和实地密度的参数匹配算法;网点扩大在国标范围(15%~20%)内,最终以方差最小原则确定最佳的实地密度。结果基于回归算法找到了当相对反差最大时实地密度和网点扩大的参数匹配符合函数y=ax+b,确定了C,M,Y,BK油墨的最佳实地密度分别为1.551,1.612,0.975,1.828。结论基于回归算法确定最佳实地密度的方法能够保证相对反差良好,网点扩大适宜,提高了印刷品的清晰度和鲜艳程度,对印刷的质量控制具有一定的指导意义。     

柱形空气垫静态压缩几何模型研究

目的 研究柱形空气垫静态压缩缓冲性能,将理论几何压缩模型进行试验验证,证明可行性。 方法 根据柱形空气垫受压变形特征,推导出几何压缩模型理论公式,对不同宽度、不同充气压强的柱形空气垫进行静态压缩试验,用拓色法计算理论面积,将试验曲线与理论曲线进行对比。结果 随着压缩位移的增加,接触面积曲线的理论值与试验值呈线性关系,在宽度相同的情况下,充气压强的增大导致接触面积曲线的理论值与试验值吻合程度下降;相同宽度、不同压强的柱形空气垫载荷位移曲线很接近,显示出规格才是影响柱形空气垫缓冲性能的主要因素。结论 所提出的柱形空气垫静态压缩几何模型可行。     

Comparative study on pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis upgrading of biomass model compounds: Thermochemical behaviors,kinetics, and aromatic hydrocarbon formation

In order to understand the pyrolysis mechanism, reaction kinetic and product properties of biomass and select suitable agricultural and forestry residues for the generation desired products, the pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis characteristics of three main components (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin) of biomass were investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) with a fixed-bed reactor. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and elemental analysis were used for further characterization. The results showed that: the thermal stability of hemicellulose was the worst, while that of cellulose was higher with a narrow range of pyrolysis temperatures. Lignin decomposed over a wider range of temperatures and generated a higher char yield. After catalytic pyrolysis over HZSM-5 catalyst, the conversion ratio increased. The ratio for the three components was in the following order: lignincellulose < biomass < xylan. The Starink method was introduced to analyze the thermal reaction kinetics, activation energy (Ea), and the pre-exponential factor (A). The addition of HZSM-5 improved the reactivity and decreased the activation energy in the following order: xylan (30.54%) > biomass(15.41%) > lignin (14.75%) > cellulose (6.73%). The pyrolysis of cellulose gave the highest yield of bio-oil rich in levoglucosan and other anhydrosugars with minimal coke formation. Xylan gave a high gas yield and moderate yield of bio-oil rich in furfural, while lignin gave the highest solid residue and produced the lowest yield of bio-oil that was rich in phenolic compounds. After catalytic pyrolysis, xylan gave the highest yield of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 76.40%, and showed selectivity for benzene and toluene. Cellulose showed higher selectivity for xylene and naphthalene; however, lignin showed enhanced for selectivity of C10 + polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Thus, catalytic pyrolysis method can effectively improve the properties of bio-oil and bio-char.     

Solvatochromic Probe Based on Nano-cellulose Membrane Coated with Zn-ter-pyridine Complex in a Layer-by-Layer Manner

Solvatochromic materials have recently attracted increasing attention owing to their great significance in the security and sensor fields. In this study, ultrafast explicit and implicit information was collected regarding a fluorescent nanocellulose membrane produced from nanocellulose membranes coated with a Zn-terpyridine complex (Zn-tpy) in a layer-by-layer manner. The fluorescent emissions of the nanocellulose membrane changed from yellow (CIE: x=0.37, y=0.45) to green (CIE: x=0.32, y=0.47) under a dichloromethane environment and 365-nm irradiation. Due to the ease of dichloromethane volatilization, fluorescent emissions quickly returned to the original state. These solvatochromic nanocellulose membranes, with ultrafast explicit and implicit information, exhibited valuable application prospects in anti-counterfeiting techniques.     

基于半色调实地的纽介堡方程修正方法

目的从网点墨量与实地墨量不同的角度出发,构建基于半色调实地三刺激值的纽介堡方程修正模型,从而提高纽介堡方程的计算精度。方法以符合G7认证的印刷标准文件为研究对象,从网点墨量与实地墨量不同的角度出发,通过求解半色调实地三刺激值,构建基于半色调实地三刺激值的纽介堡方程修正模型,利用色差法对该修正模型进行精度验证。结果验证结果表明,修正模型色差精度最大可以提高2.2 NBS,平均色差精度可以提高1.0 NBS。结论基于半色调实地三刺激值的纽介堡方程修正模型能够有效提高方程精度,研究结果对于印刷分色具有重要意义。